Exposure
Exposure is the amount of light that gets through to the sensor in your camera. Modern cameras have meters that control this by adjusting aperture and shutter speed. The camera can automatically handle the exposure for most situations.
Reading the Light
Know when to shoot when you're out in the field. The sun is your lighting source and it moves, thankfully, in a predictable pattern. But it still moves and requires forethought from the photographer to advantage of it (sidelight or front light) and to avoid its pitfalls (lens flare).
Depth of Field
Depth of field refers to what is appears sharpest in the picture. It can be manipulated by opening and closing the aperture. A shallow depth of field allows you to isolate your subject and focus on detail. A large depth of field lets you gather in all the light and colors of the scene.
Motion Effects
You can adjust the length of your exposure to achieve some cool effects. Really fast action can be frozen by a quick shutter speed and a blurring effect will be seen when using a slow shutter speed. Blur can be created by the subject or photographer and, on digital cameras, be adjusted after exposure.
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